Question

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing long-term complications of retinopathy and neuropathy with an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions is the most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

Answer 1

Correct Answers:

"Maintain stable blood glucose levels."

Rationale :

🔶 Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is the most important strategy to prevent long-term complications of diabetes.

🔶 Chronic hyperglycemia damages small blood vessels, leading to retinopathy and neuropathy.

🔶 While actions like wearing closed-toed shoes or foot inspection help prevent injuries, they do not address the underlying cause of complications.

🔶 Stable glucose control reduces the risk of microvascular damage, which preserves vision and nerve function.

🔶 Clients should be educated on frequent monitoring and maintaining HbA1c below 7% to reduce complications.

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Answer 2

Correct Answers:

Frequent mood changes

Rationale :

🟡 Clients with hyperthyroidism often experience mood instability, including anxiety, irritability, and restlessness.

🟡 These changes are due to increased levels of thyroid hormones, which speed up metabolism and nervous system activity.

🟡 Unlike hypothyroidism, which slows down function, hyperthyroidism causes emotional lability and agitation.

🟡 Other expected symptoms may include weight loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia.

🟡 Recognizing these emotional and behavioral changes is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning.

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Answer 3

Correct Answers:

40

Rationale :

✍️The ordered dose is 40 mg

✍️The available concentration is 5 mg/5 mL, equivalent to 1 mg/mL.

🔷 Using the formula:

♦️Dose ÷ Concentration = Volume

→ 40 mg ÷ 1 mg/mL

👉= 40 mL.

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Answer 4

Correct Answers:

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level

Rationale :

🔶 In Graves' disease, excessive production of T3 and T4 suppresses TSH via negative feedback.

🔶 TSH levels are decreased, while T3 and T4 levels are elevated in hyperthyroidism.

🔶 TSH is secreted by the pituitary to stimulate the thyroid, but high thyroid hormone levels signal the pituitary to stop releasing TSH.

🔶 This laboratory pattern is a hallmark diagnostic indicator of primary hyperthyroidism.

🔶 Identifying this abnormality confirms excess thyroid hormone production as the source of symptoms.

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Answer 5

Correct Answers:

"I should avoid injecting insulin into my thigh if I am going to go running."

Rationale :

🟢 Injecting into a working muscle group like the thigh can increase insulin absorption, leading to hypoglycemia during exercise.

🟢 Patients are advised to use non-active sites such as the abdomen when planning physical activity.

🟢 This prevents unexpected drops in blood glucose that could cause dizziness or fainting.

🟢 Educating clients on safe injection practices ensures better insulin control and exercise safety.

🟢 Clients should also be aware of signs of hypoglycemia and carry fast-acting carbs when active.

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Answer 6

Correct Answers:

Excess adipose tissue in the trunk, slender extremities, and moon face

Rationale :

🔷 Cushing syndrome is caused by prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, whether endogenous or from steroid therapy.

🔷 This leads to central obesity, slender arms and legs, and a moon-shaped face.

🔷 Other common signs include buffalo hump, purple striae, thin skin, and easy bruising.

🔷 The condition is also associated with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and immunosuppression.

🔷 Early recognition helps prevent complications like osteoporosis and diabetes.

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Answer 7

Correct Answers:

Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL

Rationale :

🟡 Hypoparathyroidism leads to low calcium and high phosphate levels due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH).

🟡 PTH normally promotes calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion by the kidneys.

🟡 Without adequate PTH, phosphate accumulates, and calcium drops, causing symptoms like tetany and seizures.

🟡 A phosphate level of 5.7 mg/dL is elevated, which confirms this metabolic imbalance.

🟡 These lab values guide management, including calcium supplements and vitamin D therapy.

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Answer 8

Correct Answers:

"I'll check my feet every day for sores and bruises."

Rationale :

🔶 Daily foot checks are crucial in diabetes to identify cuts, blisters, or ulcers early.

🔶 Neuropathy reduces pain sensation, so injuries may go unnoticed and lead to serious infections.

🔶 Early detection helps prevent amputation and hospitalization.

🔶 Clients should also be taught to wash and dry feet thoroughly, trim nails carefully, and wear protective shoes.

🔶 Lotion may be used but should be avoided between toes to prevent fungal growth.

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Answer 9

Correct Answers:

1500

Rationale :

🟢 NPH insulin peaks 6–8 hours after administration, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia during that time.

🟢 If administered at 0700, the peak would occur between 1300 and 1500, requiring a snack to prevent low blood sugar.

🟢 1500 is the best time for a planned snack to offset the insulin peak.

🟢 Offering food at this time maintains blood glucose levels and prevents dizziness, tremors, or fainting.

🟢 Monitoring blood sugar around peak insulin times is also important for tight glycemic control.

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Answer 10

Correct Answers:

4 oz of regular soda

Rationale :

✳️ A blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL indicates mild hypoglycemia, and the client is symptomatic with hand tremors, which requires quick treatment using a fast-acting carbohydrate.

✳️ Regular soda contains simple sugars that are quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and can rapidly raise blood glucose levels.

✳️ The recommended intervention for hypoglycemia (if the patient is conscious) is 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrate, and 4 oz of regular soda provides about this amount.

✳️ Once the blood glucose level is stabilized, the nurse should follow up with a long-acting carbohydrate to maintain levels and prevent recurrence.

✳️ Glucose tablets or hard candy are also acceptable, but the immediate, rapid absorption from regular soda makes it the most efficient choice in this scenario.

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QLexNursing

1 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing long-term complications of retinopathy and neuropathy with an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions is the most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

2 :
A nurse is collecting data on a client who has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to report?

3 :
A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

4 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). Which of the following serum laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be below the expected reference range?

5 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about exercise with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

6 :
Which findings are expected when assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome?

7 :
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?

8 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the instructions?

9 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed 15 units of NPH insulin to be administered at 0700. At which of the following times of day is most appropriate for the nurse to plan to offer a snack?

10 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and observes mild hand tremors. Which of the following snacks should the nurse offer the client after obtaining a glucometer reading of 60 mg/dL?

QLexNursing

1 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing long-term complications of retinopathy and neuropathy with an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions is the most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

2 : A nurse is collecting data on a client who has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to report?

3 : A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

4 : A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). Which of the following serum laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be below the expected reference range?

5 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching about exercise with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

6 : Which findings are expected when assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome?

7 : A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?

8 : A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the instructions?

9 : A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed 15 units of NPH insulin to be administered at 0700. At which of the following times of day is most appropriate for the nurse to plan to offer a snack?

10 : A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and observes mild hand tremors. Which of the following snacks should the nurse offer the client after obtaining a glucometer reading of 60 mg/dL?

1 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about preventing long-term complications of retinopathy and neuropathy with an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions is the most important for the nurse to include in the teaching?

2 :
A nurse is collecting data on a client who has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to report?

3 :
A nurse is preparing to administer prednisone 40 mg PO to an adolescent client. Available is prednisone oral solution 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

4 :
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease). Which of the following serum laboratory findings should the nurse expect to be below the expected reference range?

5 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about exercise with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

6 :
Which findings are expected when assessing a patient with Cushing syndrome?

7 :
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?

8 :
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following client statements should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the instructions?

9 :
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed 15 units of NPH insulin to be administered at 0700. At which of the following times of day is most appropriate for the nurse to plan to offer a snack?

10 :
A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and observes mild hand tremors. Which of the following snacks should the nurse offer the client after obtaining a glucometer reading of 60 mg/dL?